魯益斯寫過一部書叫 The Four Love, 說愛之為愛有四種, 或者四個層次:
Storge --- empathy bond
Philia --- friend bond
Eros --- romantic love
Agape --- unconditional `God' love
約翰福音載耶穌復活後, 在提毗利亞湖邊,
曾經連問彼得三次是否愛他. 對答中的愛字, 兩人用字不同, 前後不同.
這一點, 大概是教徒耳熟能詳的常識. 差別只在於大家如何理解用字的轉變,
如何演繹箇中的含意.
Sarah Ruden 譯約翰福音 21:15--18:
15 Then when they'd had breakfast,
Iesous (Jesus) spoke to Simon Petros (Peter):
`Simon, son of Ioannes: do you
love me (agapao) more than these others do?'
Simon said to him, `Yes, master, you know I'm your close
friend (phileo).'
Iesous said to him: `Pasture my lambs.'
16 Iesous spoke to him again, a second time:
`Simon, son of Ioannes, do you love me?'
Simon said to him, `Yes, master, you know I'm your
close friend.'
Iesous said to him, `Shepherd my
sheep.'
17 Iesous spoke to him a third time:
`Simon, son of Ioannes, are you my close
friend?'
Petros was aggravated that Iesous had
spoken to him a third time, now saying, `Are
you my close friend?'
Now Petros said to him,
`Master, you know everything; you recognize that
I am your close friend.'
[Iesous] said to him,
`Pasture my sheep.* 18 Amen amen, I tell
you ...'
第 17 節的註, 直指為捉弄:
(Note: [*] The humor here hangs on the difference
between the verbs agapao and fileo ...
It sounds like a mercilessly teasing lesson
that personal feelings do not matter, a lesson
from a leader who has shown another follower (John)
striking personal favoritism.)
耶穌連問兩次, 彼得死口不肯說 agapao, 只肯說 phileo.
耶穌第三次也改口了
(其實第二次已經鬆了口刪去 `more than these others (do)?')
遷就彼得的用字再問他,
好了好了, phileo 就 phileo, 那你 phileo 我嗎?
如此一來, 彼得反而窘態畢露, 心理上無可逃避.
別以為 close friend 輕可,
close friend 已經 說到殉道的份上了.
18 Amen amen, I tell
you: when you were a young man, you belted
up your clothes and walked around wherever
you wanted. But when you get old, you'll stretch
out your hands, and someone else will truss you
in a belt and take you where you don't want to
go.' ...
(19b) And having said this, he told him, `Follow me.'
彼得的反應是: (20--21)
20 Turning around, ...
Petros said to Iesous, `But Master, what
about him?'
看來彼得還是無法直面耶穌的問題:
`Simon, do you love me?'
回想起來, 耶穌「易容改裝」, 彼得望著眼前陌生的樣子,
到底是易些回答還是難些回答,
反而說不定了.
* 溯洄從之:
沒有一個敢問他你是誰: FACE OFF的橋段, 二千年前的版本. -----
試把第 14 節下半「門徒中沒有一個敢問他你是誰? ...... 向門徒顯現,這已是第三次。」一段刪去重讀, 就可以看出當中的錯愕與不踏實, 是故事寫法刻意營造的氣氛.
Labels: bible